Thunderbolt 1 and 2 use the same connector as Mini DisplayPort (MDP), whereas Thunderbolt 3 and 4 reuse the USB-C connector from USB. Up to six peripherals may be supported by one connector through various topologies. Thunderbolt combines PCI Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort (DP) into two serial signals, and additionally provides DC power, all in one cable. It was initially marketed under the name Light Peak, and first sold as part of an end-user product on 24 February 2011. It has been developed by Intel, in collaboration with Apple. Thunderbolt is the brand name of a hardware interface for the connection of external peripherals to a computer. HS1TX(P) of the source is connected to HS1RX(P) of the sink. The cable is actually a crossover cable, it swaps all receive and transmit lanes e.g.
This is the pinout for both sides of the connector, source side and sink side. Thunderbolt 4: 4× PCI Express 3.0, DisplayPort 2.0, USB4 Thunderbolt 3: 4× PCI Express 3.0, DisplayPort 1.2 (2 streams), USB 3.1 gen. Thunderbolt 2: 4× PCI Express 2.0, DisplayPort 1.2 Thunderbolt 1: 4× PCI Express 2.0, DisplayPort 1.1a
Thunderbolt 3: 40 Gbit/s bidirectional, 80 Gbit/s one way Thunderbolt 1: 2 channels, 10 Gbit/s each (20 Gbit/s in total) It won't be long before the new standard comes into effect either - Intel says the first Thunderbolt 3 products should ship later this year.Via DisplayPort protocol or USB-based external audio cards. You'll also be able to use the port for regular USB work, which should come in handy when connecting older accessories. With its nipper data speeds, the new Thunderbolt 3 can support dual 4K 60 Hz displays, in addition to blazingly fast file transfers. It's not the first time that Thunderbolt has piggy-backed on another port design - the original incarnation used Mini DisplayPort. It'll support a 40 Gbps connection over Thunderbolt, which is double the speed of Thunderbolt 2, 10 Gbps USB 3.1 and DisplayPort 1.2. Thunderbolt 3 offers more than just port convenience, however. It's a step toward simplifying the messy sea of ports often found on laptops and PCs, and could make Thunderbolt accessible to a larger group of people than before. So if Apple sticks with its new MacBook design, for instance, it could adopt the port and enable both Thunderbolt and USB Type-C without any adapters. Intel today unveiled Thunderbolt 3, which uses an identical port design as its USB brethren. The next laptop you buy with a USB Type-C port could be even more useful than you thought.
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